#ifndef ENTT_PROCESS_SCHEDULER_HPP
#define ENTT_PROCESS_SCHEDULER_HPP

#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <memory>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include "process.hpp"

namespace entt {

/**
 * @brief Cooperative scheduler for processes.
 *
 * A cooperative scheduler runs processes and helps managing their life cycles.
 *
 * Each process is invoked once per tick. If a process terminates, it's
 * removed automatically from the scheduler and it's never invoked again.<br/>
 * A process can also have a child. In this case, the process is replaced with
 * its child when it terminates if it returns with success. In case of errors,
 * both the process and its child are discarded.
 *
 * Example of use (pseudocode):
 *
 * @code{.cpp}
 * scheduler.attach([](auto delta, void *, auto succeed, auto fail) {
 *     // code
 * }).then<my_process>(arguments...);
 * @endcode
 *
 * In order to invoke all scheduled processes, call the `update` member function
 * passing it the elapsed time to forward to the tasks.
 *
 * @sa process
 *
 * @tparam Delta Type to use to provide elapsed time.
 */
template<typename Delta>
class scheduler {
    struct process_handler {
        using instance_type = std::unique_ptr<void, void (*)(void *)>;
        using update_fn_type = bool(scheduler &, std::size_t, Delta, void *);
        using abort_fn_type = void(scheduler &, std::size_t, bool);
        using next_type = std::unique_ptr<process_handler>;

        instance_type instance;
        update_fn_type *update;
        abort_fn_type *abort;
        next_type next;
    };

    struct continuation {
        continuation(process_handler *ref) noexcept
            : handler{ref} {}

        template<typename Proc, typename... Args>
        continuation then(Args &&...args) {
            static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<process<Proc, Delta>, Proc>, "Invalid process type");
            auto proc = typename process_handler::instance_type{new Proc{std::forward<Args>(args)...}, &scheduler::deleter<Proc>};
            handler->next.reset(new process_handler{std::move(proc), &scheduler::update<Proc>, &scheduler::abort<Proc>, nullptr});
            handler = handler->next.get();
            return *this;
        }

        template<typename Func>
        continuation then(Func &&func) {
            return then<process_adaptor<std::decay_t<Func>, Delta>>(std::forward<Func>(func));
        }

    private:
        process_handler *handler;
    };

    template<typename Proc>
    [[nodiscard]] static bool update(scheduler &owner, std::size_t pos, const Delta delta, void *data) {
        auto *process = static_cast<Proc *>(owner.handlers[pos].instance.get());
        process->tick(delta, data);

        if(process->rejected()) {
            return true;
        } else if(process->finished()) {
            if(auto &&handler = owner.handlers[pos]; handler.next) {
                handler = std::move(*handler.next);
                // forces the process to exit the uninitialized state
                return handler.update(owner, pos, {}, nullptr);
            }

            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    template<typename Proc>
    static void abort(scheduler &owner, std::size_t pos, const bool immediately) {
        static_cast<Proc *>(owner.handlers[pos].instance.get())->abort(immediately);
    }

    template<typename Proc>
    static void deleter(void *proc) {
        delete static_cast<Proc *>(proc);
    }

public:
    /*! @brief Unsigned integer type. */
    using size_type = std::size_t;

    /*! @brief Default constructor. */
    scheduler()
        : handlers{} {}

    /*! @brief Default move constructor. */
    scheduler(scheduler &&) = default;

    /*! @brief Default move assignment operator. @return This scheduler. */
    scheduler &operator=(scheduler &&) = default;

    /**
     * @brief Number of processes currently scheduled.
     * @return Number of processes currently scheduled.
     */
    [[nodiscard]] size_type size() const noexcept {
        return handlers.size();
    }

    /**
     * @brief Returns true if at least a process is currently scheduled.
     * @return True if there are scheduled processes, false otherwise.
     */
    [[nodiscard]] bool empty() const noexcept {
        return handlers.empty();
    }

    /**
     * @brief Discards all scheduled processes.
     *
     * Processes aren't aborted. They are discarded along with their children
     * and never executed again.
     */
    void clear() {
        handlers.clear();
    }

    /**
     * @brief Schedules a process for the next tick.
     *
     * Returned value is an opaque object that can be used to attach a child to
     * the given process. The child is automatically scheduled when the process
     * terminates and only if the process returns with success.
     *
     * Example of use (pseudocode):
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * // schedules a task in the form of a process class
     * scheduler.attach<my_process>(arguments...)
     * // appends a child in the form of a lambda function
     * .then([](auto delta, void *, auto succeed, auto fail) {
     *     // code
     * })
     * // appends a child in the form of another process class
     * .then<my_other_process>();
     * @endcode
     *
     * @tparam Proc Type of process to schedule.
     * @tparam Args Types of arguments to use to initialize the process.
     * @param args Parameters to use to initialize the process.
     * @return An opaque object to use to concatenate processes.
     */
    template<typename Proc, typename... Args>
    auto attach(Args &&...args) {
        static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<process<Proc, Delta>, Proc>, "Invalid process type");
        auto proc = typename process_handler::instance_type{new Proc{std::forward<Args>(args)...}, &scheduler::deleter<Proc>};
        auto &&ref = handlers.emplace_back(process_handler{std::move(proc), &scheduler::update<Proc>, &scheduler::abort<Proc>, nullptr});
        // forces the process to exit the uninitialized state
        ref.update(*this, handlers.size() - 1u, {}, nullptr);
        return continuation{&handlers.back()};
    }

    /**
     * @brief Schedules a process for the next tick.
     *
     * A process can be either a lambda or a functor. The scheduler wraps both
     * of them in a process adaptor internally.<br/>
     * The signature of the function call operator should be equivalent to the
     * following:
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * void(Delta delta, void *data, auto succeed, auto fail);
     * @endcode
     *
     * Where:
     *
     * * `delta` is the elapsed time.
     * * `data` is an opaque pointer to user data if any, `nullptr` otherwise.
     * * `succeed` is a function to call when a process terminates with success.
     * * `fail` is a function to call when a process terminates with errors.
     *
     * The signature of the function call operator of both `succeed` and `fail`
     * is equivalent to the following:
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * void();
     * @endcode
     *
     * Returned value is an opaque object that can be used to attach a child to
     * the given process. The child is automatically scheduled when the process
     * terminates and only if the process returns with success.
     *
     * Example of use (pseudocode):
     *
     * @code{.cpp}
     * // schedules a task in the form of a lambda function
     * scheduler.attach([](auto delta, void *, auto succeed, auto fail) {
     *     // code
     * })
     * // appends a child in the form of another lambda function
     * .then([](auto delta, void *, auto succeed, auto fail) {
     *     // code
     * })
     * // appends a child in the form of a process class
     * .then<my_process>(arguments...);
     * @endcode
     *
     * @sa process_adaptor
     *
     * @tparam Func Type of process to schedule.
     * @param func Either a lambda or a functor to use as a process.
     * @return An opaque object to use to concatenate processes.
     */
    template<typename Func>
    auto attach(Func &&func) {
        using Proc = process_adaptor<std::decay_t<Func>, Delta>;
        return attach<Proc>(std::forward<Func>(func));
    }

    /**
     * @brief Updates all scheduled processes.
     *
     * All scheduled processes are executed in no specific order.<br/>
     * If a process terminates with success, it's replaced with its child, if
     * any. Otherwise, if a process terminates with an error, it's removed along
     * with its child.
     *
     * @param delta Elapsed time.
     * @param data Optional data.
     */
    void update(const Delta delta, void *data = nullptr) {
        for(auto pos = handlers.size(); pos; --pos) {
            const auto curr = pos - 1u;

            if(const auto dead = handlers[curr].update(*this, curr, delta, data); dead) {
                std::swap(handlers[curr], handlers.back());
                handlers.pop_back();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @brief Aborts all scheduled processes.
     *
     * Unless an immediate operation is requested, the abort is scheduled for
     * the next tick. Processes won't be executed anymore in any case.<br/>
     * Once a process is fully aborted and thus finished, it's discarded along
     * with its child, if any.
     *
     * @param immediately Requests an immediate operation.
     */
    void abort(const bool immediately = false) {
        for(auto pos = handlers.size(); pos; --pos) {
            const auto curr = pos - 1u;
            handlers[curr].abort(*this, curr, immediately);
        }
    }

private:
    std::vector<process_handler> handlers{};
};

} // namespace entt

#endif